Tuning the heater temperature control. The facilities described here are available in RepRepFirmware-dc42 and DuetWiFiFirmware version 1.15 and later. Each heating controller in RepRapFirmware 1.15 and later can work either in bang-bang mode or in PID mode.
Since the board is set up from the factory for bang-bang control for the heatbed and not PWM/PID control, I don't think there is any tuning you can do for the bed without reflashing the firmware with settings for PID/PWM. PWM/PID cannot be used with an external mechanical relay, only a FET or some solid-state relays. If using the on-board FET, it should be possible to use PWM/PID but only with reflashed firmware.
After the bed reaches temperature, is it stable within a few degrees C?
If while heating up, there is massive temperature overshoot and/or a bad oscillation of temperature above and below the target temp, then yes, there is a problem that will need some tuning or redesign ( the bed thermistor may not be thermally connected to the bed well enough). Otherwise, don't worry about it.
Auto Tune Heated Bed Pid Reviews
I haven't had any issues with wild temperature swings. I have my bed set up so I can use it with 12v through the FET for lower temperatures or with a flip of a switch, powered by a 20V power supply through a relay.
This document provides a list of steps to help confirm the pinsettings in the Klipper printer.cfg file. It is a good idea to runthrough these steps after following the steps in theinstallation document.
During this guide, it may be necessary to make changes to the Klipperconfig file. Be sure to issue a RESTART command after every change tothe config file to ensure that the change takes effect (type 'restart'in the Octoprint terminal tab and then click 'Send'). It's also a goodidea to issue a STATUS command after every RESTART to verify that theconfig file is successfully loaded.
Verify temperature
Start by verifying that temperatures are being properly reported.Navigate to the Octoprint temperature tab.
Verify that the temperature of the nozzle and bed (if applicable) arepresent and not increasing. If it is increasing, remove power from theprinter. If the temperatures are not accurate, review the'sensor_type' and 'sensor_pin' settings for the nozzle and/or bed.
Verify M112
Navigate to the Octoprint terminal tab and issue an M112 command inthe terminal box. This command requests Klipper to go into a'shutdown' state. It will cause Octoprint to disconnect from Klipper -navigate to the Connection area and click on 'Connect' to causeOctoprint to reconnect. Then navigate to the Octoprint temperature taband verify that temperatures continue to update and the temperaturesare not increasing. If temperatures are increasing, remove power fromthe printer.
The M112 command causes Klipper to go into a 'shutdown' state. Toclear this state, issue a FIRMWARE_RESTART command in the Octoprintterminal tab.
Verify heaters
Navigate to the Octoprint temperature tab and type in 50 followed byenter in the 'Tool' temperature box. The extruder temperature in thegraph should start to increase (within about 30 seconds or so). Thengo to the 'Tool' temperature drop-down box and select 'Off'. Afterseveral minutes the temperature should start to return to its initialroom temperature value. If the temperature does not increase thenverify the 'heater_pin' setting in the config.
If the printer has a heated bed then perform the above test again withthe bed.
Verify stepper motor enable pin
Verify that all of the printer axes can manually move freely (thestepper motors are disabled). If not, issue an M84 command to disablethe motors. If any of the axes still can not move freely, then verifythe stepper 'enable_pin' configuration for the given axis. On mostcommodity stepper motor drivers, the motor enable pin is 'active low'and therefore the enable pin should have a '!' before the pin (forexample, 'enable_pin: !ar38').
Verify endstops
Manually move all the printer axes so that none of them are in contactwith an endstop. Send a QUERY_ENDSTOPS command via the Octoprintterminal tab. It should respond with the current state of all of theconfigured endstops and they should all report a state of 'open'. Foreach of the endstops, rerun the QUERY_ENDSTOPS command while manuallytriggering the endstop. The QUERY_ENDSTOPS command should report theendstop as 'TRIGGERED'.
If the endstop appears inverted (it reports 'open' when triggered andvice-versa) then add a '!' to the pin definition (for example,'endstop_pin: ^!ar3'), or remove the '!' if there is already onepresent.
If the endstop does not change at all then it generally indicates thatthe endstop is connected to a different pin. However, it may alsorequire a change to the pullup setting of the pin (the '^' at thestart of the endstop_pin name - most printers will use a pullupresistor and the '^' should be present).
Verify stepper motors
Use the STEPPER_BUZZ command to verify the connectivity of eachstepper motor. Start by manually positioning the given axis to amidway point and then run STEPPER_BUZZ STEPPER=stepper_x. TheSTEPPER_BUZZ command will cause the given stepper to move onemillimeter in a positive direction and then it will return to itsstarting position. (If the endstop is defined at position_endstop=0then at the start of each movement the stepper will move away from theendstop.) It will perform this oscillation ten times.
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If the stepper does not move at all, then verify the 'enable_pin' and'step_pin' settings for the stepper. If the stepper motor moves butdoes not return to its original position then verify the 'dir_pin'setting. If the stepper motor oscillates in an incorrect direction,then it generally indicates that the 'dir_pin' for the axis needs tobe inverted. This is done by adding a '!' to the 'dir_pin' in theprinter config file (or removing it if one is already there). Change time zone. If themotor moves significantly more or significantly less than onemillimeter then verify the 'step_distance' setting.
Run the above test for each stepper motor defined in the configfile. (Set the STEPPER parameter of the STEPPER_BUZZ command to thename of the config section that is to be tested.) If there is nofilament in the extruder then one can use STEPPER_BUZZ to verify theextruder motor connectivity (use STEPPER=extruder). Otherwise, it'sbest to test the extruder motor separately (see the next section).
Auto Tune Heated Bed Pid 2
After verifying all endstops and verifying all stepper motors thehoming mechanism should be tested. Issue a G28 command to home allaxes. Remove power from the printer if it does not home properly.Rerun the endstop and stepper motor verification steps if necessary.
Verify extruder motor
To test the extruder motor it will be necessary to heat the extruderto a printing temperature. Navigate to the Octoprint temperature taband select a target temperature from the temperature drop-down box (ormanually enter an appropriate temperature). Wait for the printer toreach the desired temperature. Then navigate to the Octoprint controltab and click the 'Extrude' button. Verify that the extruder motorturns in the correct direction. If it does not, see thetroubleshooting tips in the previous section to confirm the'enable_pin', 'step_pin', and 'dir_pin' settings for the extruder.
Calibrate PID settings
Klipper supportsPID control for theextruder and bed heaters. In order to use this control mechanism it isnecessary to calibrate the PID settings on each printer. (PID settingsfound in other firmwares or in the example configuration files oftenwork poorly.)
To calibrate the extruder, navigate to the OctoPrint terminal tab andrun the PID_CALIBRATE command. For example: PID_CALIBRATE HEATER=extruder TARGET=170
At the completion of the tuning test run SAVE_CONFIG to update theprinter.cfg file the new PID settings.
If the printer has a heated bed and it supports being driven by PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) then it is recommended to use PID control forthe bed. (When the bed heater is controlled using the PID algorithm itmay turn on and off ten times a second, which may not be suitable forheaters using a mechanical switch.) A typical bed PID calibrationcommand is: PID_CALIBRATE HEATER=heater_bed TARGET=60
Next steps
Auto Tune Heated Bed Pid Kit
This guide is intended to help with basic verification of pin settingsin the Klipper configuration file. Be sure to read thebed leveling guide. Also see the Slicersdocument for information on configuring a slicer with Klipper.
After one has verified that basic printing works, it is a good idea toconsider calibrating pressure advance.
It may be necessary to perform other types of detailed printercalibration - a number of guides are available online to help withthis (for example, do a web search for '3d printer calibration').