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(Redirected from Moot (4chan))
Poole in 2012
Bornc. 1988 (age 31–32)
Other namesmoot
OccupationEntrepreneur, Google employee
Known forFounder and former administrator of 4chan
Websitechrishateswriting.com

Christopher Poole (born c. 1988),[1] known online as moot, is an American Internet entrepreneur. He is best known for founding the anonymous English-language imageboard 4chan in October 2003, as well as serving as the site's head administrator for more than 11 years before stepping down in January 2015. In 2016, he began working for Google.

Career

4chan

In April 2009, Poole was voted the world's most influential person of 2008 by an open Internet poll conducted by Time magazine.[2] The results were questioned even before the poll completed, however, as automated voting programs and manual ballot stuffing were used to influence the vote.[3][4][5] 4chan's interference with the vote seemed increasingly likely, when it was found that reading the first letter of the first 21 candidates in the poll spelled out a phrase containing two 4chan memes: 'mARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME.'[6]

On September 12, 2009, Poole gave a talk on why 4chan has a reputation as a 'Meme Factory' at the Paraflows Symposium in Vienna, Austria, which was part of the Paraflows 09 festival, themed Urban Hacking. In this talk, Poole mainly attributed this to the anonymous system, and to the lack of data retention on the site ('The site has no memory').[7][8] His talk was published in the academic reader Mind and Matter: Comparative Approaches towards Complexity (edited by Günther Friesinger, Johannes Grenzfurthner, Thomas Ballhausen).[9]

On February 10, 2010, Poole spoke at the TED2010 conference in Long Beach, California.[10][11] He spoke about the increasing prevalence of persistent user identities and the sharing of personal information on sites such as Facebook and Twitter and he also spoke about the value of anonymous posting on sites such as 4chan.[12] Fred Leal of the Brazilian newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo said his inclusion in the conference 'indicates that something extraordinary is happening... [4chan] challenges every Internet convention: it is, alone, the antithesis of Google, social networking sites, and blogs.'[13]

In a 2010 interview, Poole discussed his belief in the value of multiple identities, including anonymity, in contrast to the merger of online and real-world identities occurring on Facebook and many other social networking sites.[14]

Canvas

In 2010, Poole was reported to have raised $625,000 to create a new online enterprise, Canvas.[15][14] The web site opened on January 31, 2011, and features digitally modified images uploaded by users who are required to self-identify using Facebook Connect.[16] The enterprise ran until January 2014 when Poole announced that Canvas, and its DrawQuest feature, would be going out of business.[17][18][19]

Post 4chan

In January 2015, Poole announced that he would be stepping down as the 4chan administrator.[20] On January 23, moot hosted a final Q&A with site users using the /qa/ board and YouTube to livestream. This marked the beginning of his 'retirement' from being an administrator and owner of the web site after eleven-and-a-half years.[21] He began a process of turning control of the site over to three anonymous 4chan moderators while searching for a buyer for the website.[22] On September 21, 2015, it was announced that Hiroyuki Nishimura, founder of the Japanese BBS 2channel, would take over as the site's owner.[23][24]

On March 7, 2016, Poole announced that he had been hired by Google.[25] As of 2018, he works in the company's Google Maps division based in Tokyo.[26]

Legal matters

In April 2010, Poole gave evidence in the Sarah Palin email hacking trial, United States of America v. David Kernell, as a government witness.[27] As a witness, Poole explained the terminology used on 4chan to the prosecutor, ranging from 'OP' to 'lurker.' He also explained to the court the nature of the data given to the FBI as part of the search warrant, including how users may be identified uniquely from site audit logs.[28]

In November 2012, Poole sent a cease and desist letter to Moot.It, an internet startup.[29]

Identity

Previously known only as moot, Poole's name was revealed on July 9, 2008, in The Wall Street Journal.[30] The same day, Lev Grossman of Time published an interview describing the influence of Poole as a non-visible administrator, as 'one of the most [significant]' on the evolution of content collaboration. Although Grossman's article began with the confession that 'I don't even know his real name,' he claimed to identify moot as Christopher Poole.[31] Later, on July 10, Grossman admitted that there was an outside chance that Christopher Poole was not the real name of moot, rather an obscure reference to a 4chan inside joke.[32] The Washington Post concurred that 'Christopher Poole' could be 'a big hoax, a 'gotcha.' It would be just what you'd expect from the creator of 4chan.'[33] In March 2009, Time backpedaled somewhat on the identity issue by placing the moot persona on the 2009 Time 100 finalists list.[34] Prior to the Wall Street Journal and Time interviews, moot deliberately kept his real identity separate from 4chan. He told Grossman, 'my personal private life is very separate from my Internet life ... There's a firewall in between.'[31] As moot, he has spoken at conferences at Yale University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[31] A 2008 article in The Observer had him down as 'the most influential web entrepreneur you've never heard of,' although he has been described since that time in more limited terms such as a 'benefactor.'[35][36]

In February 2009, The Washington Post reported that Poole had attended Virginia Commonwealth University for a few semesters before dropping out. It reported that Poole was living with his mother while looking for a way to make money from owning 4chan.[33]

References

  1. ^ name='Chris Poole part 1/3- ROFLCON 2012 – Solo Panel'>Chris Poole part 1/3- ROFLCON 2012 – Solo Panel, Christopher Poole - 'I'm 24 years old' YouTube site, May 10, 2012
  2. ^'The World's Most Influential Person Is...' TIME. April 27, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
  3. ^Heater, Brian (April 27, 2009). '4Chan Followers Hack Time's 'Influential' Poll'. PC Magazine. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  4. ^Schonfeld, Erick (April 21, 2009). '4Chan Takes Over The Time 100'. Washington Post. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  5. ^'moot wins, Time Inc. loses ' Music Machinery'. Musicmachinery.com. April 27, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
  6. ^Reddit Top Links. 'Marble Cake Also the Game [PIC]'. Buzzfeed.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
  7. ^'Paraflows 09'. Paraflows.at. September 12, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  8. ^Herwig, Jana. Partial transcript: Moot on 4chan and why it works as a meme factory, Digiom blog, April 6, 2010. accessed 2010-04-07
  9. ^'Mind and Matter: Comparative Approaches towards Complexity'. Transcript. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
  10. ^'TED2010 program of speakers'. TED.com. Retrieved May 18, 2010.
  11. ^Fisher, Ken. 4chan's moot takes pro-anonymity to TED 2010, Ars Technica, February 11, 2010. accessed 2010-02-12
  12. ^'4chan founder: Anonymous speech is 'endangered''. SciTechBlog. CNN.com Blogs. February 12, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
  13. ^Leal, Fred (April 19, 2010). 'Feio, sujo e surreal'. O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). p. L1. Archived from the original on September 9, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
  14. ^ abDibbell, Julian (September 10, 2010). 'Radical Opacity'. Technology Review.
  15. ^Cha, Ariana Eunjung (August 10, 2010). '4chan users seize Internet's power for mass disruptions'. Washington Post. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  16. ^Jeffries, Adrianne (January 31, 2011). 'From the Creator of 4chan Comes the More Mature Canvas'. The New York Observer. Archived from the original on February 4, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
  17. ^'A very important note from Team Canvas'. Canvas Blog. Archived from the original on January 28, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  18. ^D'Onfro, Jillian (January 21, 2014). 'A Classy Way to Admit Your Startup is Dead'. Business Insider. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  19. ^Welch, Chris (January 21, 2014). '4chan founder Chris Poole is shutting down Canvas and DrawQuest for iOS'. The Verge. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  20. ^'THE NEXT CHAPTER by moot – 1/21/15 @ 11:00AM EST'. 4chan Blog. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  21. ^'moot's final 4chan Q&A by 4chan – 1/23/15 @ 2:00PM EST'. 4chan. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  22. ^Kushner, David (March 13, 2015). '4chan's Overlord Christopher Poole Reveals Why He Walked Away'. Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  23. ^moot. 'Full Circle'. 4chan. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  24. ^Issac, Mike (September 21, 2015). '4chan Message Board Sold to Founder of 2Channel, a Japanese Web Culture Pioneer'. The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  25. ^Poole, Christopher. 'My next chapter'. Chris Hates Writing. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
  26. ^Poole, Christopher. 'About'. Chris Hates Writing. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  27. ^Jamieson, Alastair (August 11, 2010). 'Sarah Palin hacker trial provides 'lolz' courtesy of 4chan founder'. The Daily Telegraph. London.
  28. ^'Christopher 'Moot' Poole Testimony in Palin Email Trial | Internet Forum'. Scribd. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  29. ^Roy, Jessica (November 19, 2012). '4Chan Founder Moot Sends Cease & Desist Letter to Startup Moot.It'. Betabeat.
  30. ^Brophy-Warren, Jamin (July 9, 2008). 'Modest Web Site Is Behind a Bevy of Memes'. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
  31. ^ abcGrossman, Lev (July 9, 2008). 'The Master of Memes'. Time. 172 (3). United States. pp. 50–51. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
  32. ^Grossman, Lev (July 10, 2008). 'Now in Paper-Vision: The 4chan Guy'. Time. Archived from the original on January 6, 2009. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
  33. ^ abHesse, Monica (February 17, 2009). 'A Virtual Unknown; Meet 'Moot,' the Secretive Internet Celeb Who Still Lives With Mom'. The Washington Post. pp. 23–24. Retrieved April 16, 2009.
  34. ^'moot – The 2009 TIME 100 Finalists'. Time. March 19, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
  35. ^Smith, David (July 20, 2008). 'The 20-year-old at heart of web's most anarchic and influential site'. London: Observer. Retrieved July 20, 2008.
  36. ^Cohen, Stefanie (February 22, 2009). 'Grosses and 'Nets'. New York Post. p. 25. Retrieved April 16, 2009.

External links

  • Christopher 'moot' Poole at TED
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Poole&oldid=950979249'
Components of some Linuxdesktop environments that are daemons include D-Bus, NetworkManager (here called unetwork), PulseAudio (usound), and Avahi.

In multitasking computer operating systems, a daemon (/ˈdiːmən/ or /ˈdeɪmən/)[1] is a computer program that runs as a background process, rather than being under the direct control of an interactive user. Traditionally, the process names of a daemon end with the letter d, for clarification that the process is in fact a daemon, and for differentiation between a daemon and a normal computer program. For example, syslogd is a daemon that implements system logging facility, and sshd is a daemon that serves incoming SSH connections.

In a Unix environment, the parent process of a daemon is often, but not always, the init process. A daemon is usually either created by a process forking a child process and then immediately exiting, thus causing init to adopt the child process, or by the init process directly launching the daemon. In addition, a daemon launched by forking and exiting typically must perform other operations, such as dissociating the process from any controlling terminal (tty). Such procedures are often implemented in various convenience routines such as daemon(3) in Unix.

Systems often start daemons at boot time which will respond to network requests, hardware activity, or other programs by performing some task. Daemons such as cron may also perform defined tasks at scheduled times.

Terminology[edit]

The term was coined by the programmers at MIT's Project MAC. They took the name from Maxwell's demon, an imaginary being from a thought experiment that constantly works in the background, sorting molecules.[2]Unix systems inherited this terminology. Maxwell's demon is consistent with Greek mythology's interpretation of a daemon as a supernatural being working in the background, with no particular bias towards good or evil. However, BSD and some of its derivatives have adopted a Christian demon as their mascot rather than a Greek daemon.[citation needed]

The word daemon is an alternative spelling of demon,[3] and is pronounced /ˈdiːmən/DEE-mən. In the context of computer software, the original pronunciation /ˈdiːmən/ has drifted to /ˈdeɪmən/DAY-mən for some speakers.[1]

Alternate terms for daemon are service (used in Windows, from Windows NT onwards — and later also in Linux), started task (IBM z/OS),[4] and ghost job (XDS UTS).

After the term was adopted for computer use, it was rationalized as a 'backronym' for Disk And Execution MONitor.[5]

Dev C++ Download For Windows 7

Daemons which connect to a computer network are examples of network services.

Implementations[edit]

4chan

Unix-like systems[edit]

In a strictly technical sense, a Unix-like system process is a daemon when its parent process terminates and the daemon is assigned the init process (process number 1) as its parent process and has no controlling terminal. However, more generally, a daemon may be any background process, whether a child of the init process or not.

On a Unix-like system, the common method for a process to become a daemon, when the process is started from the command line or from a startup script such as an init script or a SystemStarter script, involves:

  • Optionally removing unnecessary variables from environment.
  • Executing as a background task by forking and exiting (in the parent 'half' of the fork). This allows daemon's parent (shell or startup process) to receive exit notification and continue its normal execution.
  • Detaching from the invoking session, usually accomplished by a single operation, setsid():
    • Dissociating from the controlling tty.
    • Creating a new session and becoming the session leader of that session.
    • Becoming a process group leader.
  • If the daemon wants to ensure that it won't acquire a new controlling tty even by accident (which happens when a session leader without a controlling tty opens a free tty), it may fork and exit again. This means that it is no longer a session leader in the new session, and can't acquire a controlling tty.
  • Setting the root directory (/) as the current working directory so that the process does not keep any directory in use that may be on a mounted file system (allowing it to be unmounted).
  • Changing the umask to 0 to allow open(), creat(), and other operating system calls to provide their own permission masks and not to depend on the umask of the caller.
  • Closing all inherited files at the time of execution that are left open by the parent process, including file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 for the standard streams (stdin, stdout and stderr). Required files will be opened later.
  • Using a logfile, the console, or /dev/null as stdin, stdout, and stderr.

If the process is started by a super-server daemon, such as inetd, launchd, or systemd, the super-server daemon will perform those functions for the process,[6][7][8] except for old-style daemons not converted to run under systemd and specified as Type=forking[8] and 'multi-threaded' datagram servers under inetd.[6]

MS-DOS[edit]

In the Microsoft DOS environment, daemon-like programs were implemented as terminate and stay resident (TSR) software.

Windows NT[edit]

On Microsoft Windows NT systems, programs called Windows services perform the functions of daemons. They run as processes, usually do not interact with the monitor, keyboard, and mouse, and may be launched by the operating system at boot time. In Windows 2000 and later versions, Windows services are configured and manually started and stopped using the Control Panel, a dedicated control/configuration program, the Service Controller component of the Service Control Manager (sc command), the net start and net stop commands or the PowerShell scripting system.

However, any Windows application can perform the role of a daemon, not just a service, and some Windows daemons have the option of running as a normal process.

Classic Mac OS and macOS[edit]

On the classic Mac OS, optional features and services were provided by files loaded at startup time that patched the operating system; these were known as system extensions and control panels. Later versions of classic Mac OS augmented these with fully fledged faceless background applications: regular applications that ran in the background. To the user, these were still described as regular system extensions.

macOS, which is a Unix system, uses daemons. Note that macOS uses the term 'services' to designate software that performs functions selected from the Services menu, rather than using that term for daemons as Windows does.

Etymology[edit]

According to Fernando J. Corbató, who worked on Project MAC in 1963, his team was the first to use the term daemon, inspired by Maxwell's demon, an imaginary agent in physics and thermodynamics that helped to sort molecules, stating, 'We fancifully began to use the word daemon to describe background processes which worked tirelessly to perform system chores'.[9]

In the general sense, daemon is an older form of the word 'demon', from the Greek δαίμων. In the Unix System Administration HandbookEvi Nemeth states the following about daemons:[10]

Many people equate the word 'daemon' with the word 'demon', implying some kind of satanic connection between UNIX and the underworld. This is an egregious misunderstanding. 'Daemon' is actually a much older form of 'demon'; daemons have no particular bias towards good or evil, but rather serve to help define a person's character or personality. The ancient Greeks' concept of a 'personal daemon' was similar to the modern concept of a 'guardian angel'—eudaemonia is the state of being helped or protected by a kindly spirit. As a rule, UNIX systems seem to be infested with both daemons and demons.

A further characterization of the mythological symbolism is that a daemon is something which is not visible yet is always present and working its will. In the Theages, attributed to Plato, Socrates describes his own personal daemon to be something like the modern concept of a moral conscience: 'The favour of the gods has given me a marvelous gift, which has never left me since my childhood. It is a voice which, when it makes itself heard, deters me from what I am about to do and never urges me on'.[citation needed]

See also[edit]

  • Bounce message (also known as mailer daemon)

References[edit]

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  1. ^ abEric S. Raymond. 'daemon'. The Jargon File. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
  2. ^Fernando J. Corbató (2002-01-23). 'Take Our Word for It'. Retrieved 2006-08-20.
  3. ^'Merriam-Webster definition of daemon'. Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  4. ^'IBM Knowledge Center - Glossary of z/OS terms and abbreviations'. IBM.
  5. ^'Daemon Definition'. www.linfo.org.
  6. ^ abinetd(8) – FreeBSD System Manager's Manual
  7. ^launchd.plist(5) – Darwin and macOS File Formats Manual
  8. ^ ab'systemd.service'. freedesktop.org. Retrieved August 25, 2012.
  9. ^'The Origin of the word Daemon'.
  10. ^'The BSD Daemon'. Freebsd.org. Retrieved 2008-11-15.

External links[edit]

Dev C++ For Windows 10

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daemon_(computing)&oldid=945901204'